Running paired sample t-test

Introduction

Paired-samples t-test is a parametric test that is used to test whether the mean difference between pairs of measurements is zero or not. The “paired” measurements may be in the form of:

A measurement taken at two different occasions (e.g., pre-test and post-test scores with an intervention administered between the two time periods.

A measurement taken under two different conditions (e.g., completing a test under a “control” condition and an “experimental” condition.

Measurements taken from two halves or sides of a subject or experimental unit (e.g., measuring hearing loss in a subject’s left and right ears.

The paired-samples t-test is also called:

Dependent t-test

Paired t-test

Repeated measures t-test

Learning Outcomes

By the time you complete this lesson, you should be able to:

interpret results from the paired-samples t-test
report results of paired-samples t-test in APA format

Problem Statement

Our sample data comes from a hypothetical study where a group of 20 IT students are randomly selected from a population of level 300 students. To test whether a new communication device impacts on their academic performance, the students are tested (test1) after receiving tutorials in data analysis. The students again are tested (test2) after receiving instructions in data analysis with the aid of a new communication device. The scores for each student in the two tests are displayed in Table 1.

Table 1: Scores for Test1 and Test2
Student	Test1	Test2
Mercy	63.00	69.00
Muna	65.00	65.00
Ama	56.00	62.00
Kate	90.00	91.00
Amama	88.00	88.00
John	83.00	87.00
Aasim	77.00	79.00
Julia	92.00	88.00
Jamila	90.00	85.00
Zain	84.00	92.00
Jean	68.00	69.00
Indra	74.00	81.00
Susan	87.00	80.00
Ruhia	64.00	75.00
Miski	71.00	74.00
Haneen	88.00	89.00
Safia	67.50	75.00
Rahina	77.60	80.00
Joyce	59.50	75.00
Naama	70.00	72.00

Interpreting Output of Paired T Test

Reporting Conclusions in APA Format

To report paired samples t test conclusions in APA style, we include the following main information:

type of t-test and why we are conducting the test
specify significance differences for the test
present final report in appropriate verb tense

To learn more about how to report t tests results in APA style, …click here>>

We can now state results and conclusions of our test as:

“A paired-samples t-test was conducted to compare mean scores of learners, before and after a new communication device was introduced to enhance tutorials in data analysis. There was significant difference in the mean scores after introducing the new communication device (M=75.73, SD=11.42) and (M=78.80, SD=8.85) conditions; [t(19)=-2.56, p=.019]. Specifically, the results suggest the new communication device does enhance the academic performance of students data analysis tutorials.”

Citation Information

If you want to cite this lesson, you may use the following APA information:

Author: Mahama, A.
Date of publication: Use the 2023, May 15 or the last date the lesson was modified.
Title: Conducting paired sample t test
URL of lesson: https://thecalleacademy.thecallinfo.com/course/data-analysis/lessons/conducting-dependent-sample-t-test/

Example

Mahama, A. (2023, May 15). Conducting one sample t test. Retrieve (retrieval date) from https://thecalleacademy.thecallinfo.com/course/data-analysis/lessons/conducting-dependent-sample-t-test/

References

Amanda, S. (2023). STM1001 Topic 6: t-tests for two-sample hypothesis testing. Retrieved January 12, 2024 from https://bookdown.org/content/f9d035ed-86ea-4779-ad01-31acc973f0dd/

Daniel, T. (202017, December 8). Paired samples t-tests in SPSS for beginners [Video]. Retrieved August 18, 2023 from YouTube: https://youtu.be/vII22ZnFOP0

Editorial Director. (2023). How should p values be reported? Retrieved June 02, 2023 from
https://support.jmir.org/hc/en-us/articles/360000002012-How-should-P-values-be-reported-

Kent State University. (2021). Paired samples t test. Retrieved February 11, 2023 from https://libguides.library.kent.edu/spss/pairedsamplesttest

Lund Research Ltd. (2018). Dependent t-test using SPSS statistics. Retrieved July 15, 2023 from
https://statistics.laerd.com/spss-tutorials/dependent-t-test-using-spss-statistics.php

The Pennsylvania State University. (2023). Identifying Outliers: IQR Method. Retrieved January 12, 2024 from https://online.stat.psu.edu/stat200/lesson/3/3.2

The Pennsylvania State University. (2023). Identifying Outliers: IQR Method [Video]. Retrieved January 12, 2024 from https://www.youtube.com/embed/wsKyhcXmKbo

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Running paired sample t-test

Introduction

Learning Outcomes

Problem Statement

Interpreting Output of Paired T Test

Reporting Conclusions in APA Format

Citation Information

References

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